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The Nazca Lines: Ancient Geoglyphs

on 25 January 2012

Nazca Monkey
Maria Reiche, Wikipedia Commons
The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs over 660 ft. across located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. Scholars believe the Nazca Lines were created by the Nazca culture between 400 and 650 CE. They are made in the ground by removing the reddish pebbles and uncovering the whitish ground underneath. The temperature and dryness of the Nazca dessert contributed to the preservation of these lines. The hundreds of individual figures range in complexity from simple lines, geometric shapes, to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, orcas, llamas, lizards, humans.



The Nazca lines were discovered in the 1930’s by people flying over them by plane. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs, but they generally ascribe religious significance to them. The geometric ones could indicate the flow of water or be connected to rituals to summon water. The spiders, birds, and plants could be fertility symbols. Other possible explanations include irrigation schemes or giant astronomical calendars. Archeologists suggest that the Nazca culture made the lines in order to be seen by the gods, explaining the size of the geoglyphs.

To this day the Nazca lines remain a mystery. Some people investigating the geoglyphs suggest that the lines were made for or by extraterrestrial beings. Their reason was how could the makers of the lines see their creation? The only way the lines could be seen is from the sky. Suggestions say they were used as landing sites for extraterrestrials because there has been numerous ancient cultures that have gods that “came from the sky.”

Other researchers suggest that the Nazca lines were used to follow star constellations. For example one researcher explains that the geoglyph resembling a spider matches the formation of the star constellation Orion. But it can’t be determined because the other lines don’t seem to match up with the stars.

How could these artists see their work? An interesting idea is an air vehicle, but such technology wasn’t present or the existence of an air vehicle has not been proven. A researcher explained the possibility of a hot air-balloon-like contraption. He was able to construct a balloon using the tools and materials the Nazca culture had available, but in the end scholars denied the suggestion of the balloon.


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I'm Jose Pierre and I like learning about all aspects of culture, both ancient and modern. I enjoy learning how they communicated, expressed themselves, and their technology.

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Banner created by Melanie Magdalena.

Images courtesy of: Ricardo Liberato (Pyramids of Giza), Aurbina (Moai), Maria Reiche (Nazca), Zunkir (Gobekli Tepe), Bjorn Christian Torrissen (Chichen Itza), Gareth Wiscombe (Stonehenge).

Images were released to the public and/or licensed under Creative Commons.

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